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基于静态分析引导的智能体 AI 翻译:使 Rust 成为全栈生物信息学语言

文章背景与核心概要

生物信息学领域长期受困于遗留代码库(如 Perl 和 Fortran),这些代码不仅存在严重的技术债务,还缺乏对现代硬件的优化,且在临床应用中存在安全隐患。本文提出了一种结合静态分析与智能体 AI 的创新方法,旨在将这些遗留的生物信息学软件系统性地迁移至 Rust 语言。

通过对下一代测序(NGS)和成像软件(特别是单细胞分析流水线 Bascet)的评估,该 AI 驱动的翻译方案展现了显著的性能提升:软件体积缩小了约 80 倍,构建时间缩短了约 10 倍,关键计算步骤的性能提升超过 3 倍。此外,该方法成功移除了对 Unix 的依赖,使 Bascet 成为首个无需容器即可在 Windows 上原生运行的单细胞分析流水线,证明了大规模重构生物信息学软件在有限预算下的可行性。


📌 摘要 (Summary)

生物信息学长期以来依赖于遗留代码库(使用 Perl 和 Fortran 等语言编写),这些代码库深受技术债务困扰,缺乏现代硬件优化,并在临床环境中带来安全风险。本文介绍了一种结合静态分析智能体 AI 的新颖方法,用于将遗留的生物信息学软件系统地翻译为 Rust

Bioinformatics has long relied on legacy codebases (written in languages like Perl and Fortran) that suffer from technical debt, lack modern hardware optimization, and pose security risks in clinical settings. This paper introduces a novel methodology combining static analysis and agentic AI to systematically translate legacy bioinformatics software into Rust.

在对常见的下一代测序(NGS)和成像软件——特别是单细胞流水线 Bascet——进行评估后,AI 驱动的翻译取得了显著的改进: * 软件体积减少约 80 倍。 * 构建时间减少约 10 倍。 * 关键计算步骤的性能提升超过 3 倍。 * 移除了 Unix 依赖,使 Bascet 成为第一个无需容器即可在 Windows 上原生运行的单细胞流水线。

Evaluated on common Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and imaging software—specifically the single-cell pipeline Bascet—the AI-driven translation achieved remarkable improvements: * ~80x reduction in software size. * ~10x decrease in build times. * >3x performance boost on key computational steps. * Removal of Unix dependencies, making Bascet the first single-cell pipeline capable of running natively on Windows without a container.


📋 论文摘要 (Abstract)

生物信息学领域正面临遗留代码的困境——这些代码被广泛使用,但往往缺乏维护者,或者使用不再流行的语言(如 Perl、Fortran)编写。这不仅带来了维护成本(技术债务),而且动态类型语言对环境的影响也较为负面,且无法利用现代硬件的优势。遗留代码还可能存在安全或稳定性问题,使其不适合在临床环境中使用。本文展示了智能体 AI 结合静态分析,可以有效地将遗留代码翻译为现代语言 Rust。我们提供了提示词(prompts)和配套软件以辅助系统性翻译,并在常见的 NGS 和成像软件上进行了评估。我们以软件 Bascet 为例展示了结果:软件体积减少了约 80 倍,构建时间减少了约 10 倍,关键步骤的性能提升超过 3 倍。同时移除了 Unix 依赖,使 Bascet 成为唯一能够在 Windows 上原生运行(无需容器)的单细胞流水线。因此,在有限预算下进行生物信息学软件的大规模重构现已成为可能,从而能够开发出更复杂的工具。

The field of bioinformatics struggles with legacy code - old code that is commonly used but may no longer have a maintainer, or may be written in a now-unfamiliar language (e.g. Perl, Fortran). This incurs maintenance cost (technical debt), but dynamically typed languages also negatively impact the environment and fail to make use of modern hardware. Legacy code may also have security or safety problems that make it unsuited for use in clinical settings. Here we show that agentic AI, combined with static analysis, can be used to translate legacy code to the modern language Rust. We provide prompts and supporting software to aid systematic translation, and evaluate it on common software for NGS and imaging. We showcase the result on our software Bascet: Size was reduced by ~80x, build time decreased by ~10x, and performance of key steps improved >3x. Unix dependencies were also removed, making Bascet the only single-cell pipeline able to run on native Windows, without a container. Large-scale refactoring of bioinformatics software is thus now possible at a limited budget, enabling more complex tools to be developed.


🏷️ 元数据与分类 (Metadata & Classification)

  • 主要学科: 基因组学 (q-bio.GN)
  • 次要学科: 人工智能 (cs.AI), 软件工程 (cs.SE)
  • ACM 分类: I.2.2; I.2.7; D.3.4
  • 许可协议: 知识共享署名 4.0 国际许可协议 (见下方许可图标)
  • Primary Subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
  • Secondary Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Software Engineering (cs.SE)
  • ACM Classifications: I.2.2; I.2.7; D.3.4
  • License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (See license icon image below)

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